HMOs in Breast Milk and Technologically Obtained HMOs, Where Do We Stand in 2023?

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) occur in different structures with different functions in breastmilk. With the advances in research and technology, biotechnologically obtained HMOs or bio-HMOs are now being produced and supplemented in infant formula, and are a point of interest in randomized clinical trials to support the clinical relevance of specific bio-HMOs in formula-fed babies. This lecture by Prof. Hania Szajewska discusses updates regarding findings on naturally occuring HMOs, and bio-HMOs, its functions on immunity and cognition, and ways moving forward to address current gaps in these researches.